KEY POINTS
Dogs and cats can present to a veterinary hospital because they manifest anxieties, fears, and phobias.
These conditions can be so severe to negatively affect the patient’s quality of life and the human-animal bond because some patients can become aggressive, destructive, and vocal and even hurt themselves.
The clinician has several available tools to help the affected patient; the most implemented tools in veterinary behavioral medicine are systematic desensitization and counterconditioning.
The goal of any desensitization and counterconditioning plan should be to make patients less or not reactive toward one or more specific triggers by learning new and more acceptable responses in their presence.
Chapter Outline
Chapter Outline:
Establishing Relationship-Centered Care
The Medical History
The Physical Examination
References
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an endocrine disorder that occurs in both dogs and cats. It is caused by the relative or absolute deficiency of the hormone insulin, which is produced by the beta cells of the pancreas. Insulin stimulates the transport of glucose and other nutrients across cell membranes for cellular use and is involved in a number of anabolic processes within the body. A lack of insulin activity leads to elevated blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia) and an inability of tissues to receive the glucose that they need (glucoprivation). Primary clinical signs include polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, and, in some cases, weight loss. Diagnosis is usually made using the initial signs of the disorder, which include the presence of a persistent hyperglycemia and a persistent or concurrent glucosuria.
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