KEY POINTS
There are many autoimmune diseases that are recognized in domestic animals.
The descriptions of diseases provide examples of the magnitude of immune targets and the variable nature of autoimmune diseases.
Autoimmune diseases recognized in dogs, cats, and horses can affect single or multiple body systems including skin, blood (anemia), endocrine, ocular, and neuromuscular.
KEY POINTS
Vaccines are important for protection of individual animals and for creation of herd immunity against infectious diseases.
Induction of immune responses to nontarget antigens present in most vaccines can lead to allergic sensitization, particularly in breeds with genetic predisposition.
Reactions to vaccines can vary from allergic events (face swelling) to anaphylactic shock. Although uncommon, such responses can occur.
Autoimmune diseases have a variety of causes and generally have a genetic predisposition. Overvaccination in a patient with a predisposition to autoimmune disease may enhance the likelihood for development of an autoimmune response.
FACTORS IMPLICATED IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF HEPATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY
DIAGNOSIS OF HEPATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY
TREATMENT OF HEPATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY
FUTURE TREATMENT OPTIONS
Physiology of Systemic Hypocalcemia
Clinical Features: Naturally Occurring Hypoparathyroidism in Dogs
Clinical Features: Naturally Occurring Hypoparathyroidism in Cats
Diagnostic Evaluation: Routine Studies
Diagnostic Evaluation: Parathyroid Hormone Concentrations
Differential Diagnosis of Episodic Weakness,
Differential Diagnosis for Hypocalcemia
Therapy for Hypocalcemia and Hypoparathyroidism
Parathyroid Histology in Hypoparathyroidism
WHAT BACTERIA COLONIZE THE HEALTHY FELINE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT?
Culture-Independent Analyses
Uncultured Approaches for Detecting Bacteria
BACTERIA AND INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE/CHRONIC ENTEROPATHIES
Intestinal Bacteria in the Duodenum of Cats with Lymphocytic Plasmacytic Enteritis
Bacterial Involvement in Neutrophilic and Granulomatous Ileitis or Colitis
Ileal Biofilm-Forming Bacteria in Foster Kittens
Fecal Bacteria in Colony Cats with Signs of Gastrointestinal Disease
Etiologic Agent and Epidemiology
Signs and Their Pathogenesis
Physical Examination Findings
Laboratory Abnormalities
Diagnostic Imaging
Microbiologic Tests
Pathologic Findings
Diagnostic Assays Available for Leptospirosis in Dogs
Antimicrobials Recommended for Treatment of Leptospirosis in Dogs
Supportive Care
Prognosis
Immunity and Vaccination
Prevention
Public Health Aspects
Suggested In-Hospital Precautions for Dogs with Known or Suspected Leptospirosis
Etiology and Epidemiology
Clinical Features
Diagnosis
Treatment and Prognosis
Immunity and Vaccination
Prevention
Public Health Aspects
Suggested Readings
References
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