KEY POINTS
Recent findings focusing on such drugs as trazodone, clonidine, and gabapentin have revolutionized how clinicians handle and treat dogs and cats.
The results of these studies should be applied in the clinical setting with caution and with a full understanding of the potential pros and cons of using these medications.
Despite promising results, additional research is desperately needed regarding pharmacokinetics, frequent and infrequent side effects, long-term behavioral impact, and the most clinically appropriate and effective use of these drugs.
KEY POINTS
Vaccines are important for protection of individual animals and for creation of herd immunity against infectious diseases.
Induction of immune responses to nontarget antigens present in most vaccines can lead to allergic sensitization, particularly in breeds with genetic predisposition.
Reactions to vaccines can vary from allergic events (face swelling) to anaphylactic shock. Although uncommon, such responses can occur.
Autoimmune diseases have a variety of causes and generally have a genetic predisposition. Overvaccination in a patient with a predisposition to autoimmune disease may enhance the likelihood for development of an autoimmune response.
Terminology Specific to Acupuncture
Review of Literature in Humans
Review of Literature in Dogs
Conditions Treated With Acupuncture
Technique, Equipment, and Instrumentation
Clinical Applications
Acupuncture Point Selection
Treating Arthritis
Treating by Joint
Treating Neurologic and Vertebral Diseases
Treating Peripheral Neuropathy
Point Information
Summary
References
There are many medical modalities that are considered “alternative” or “complementary”—in this article, the methods with which the author is most familiar will be discussed: acupuncture, chiropractic, herbs, flower essences (Bach flowers), and aromatherapy.
ARGUMENTS AGAINST THE ALTERNATIVE MEDICINES
ARGUMENTS IN FAVOR OF USING ALTERNATIVE MEDICINES, ESPECIALLY FOR THE GERIATRIC PATIENT
Examples of herbs with tonic or specific activities for the listed organ systems or conditions
Veterinary homeopathic resources
Advantages of Herbal Remedies for the Geriatric Patient
Disadvantages
HOMEOPATHY - Introduction
Using Classic Homeopathy
FLOWER ESSENCES/BACH FLOWERS
Selected flower essence remedies
Summary
References
INTRODUCTION
TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE
ACUPUNCTURE
CHINESE HERBS
HOMEOPATHY
WESTERN HERBS AND PLANT EXTRACTS
CAPSAICIN
HARDY KIWI
TEA TREE OIL
CHAMOMILE
CALENDULA
OATMEAL
ALOE VERA
Summary
References
Chapter Outline:
Seizures
Phenobarbital
Bromide
Zonisamide
Levetiracetam
Benzodiazepines
Gabapentin and Pregabalin
Felbamate
References
ACUTE PAIN MANAGEMENT
Canine ovariohysterectomy
Canine castration
Feline ovariohysterectomy
Feline castration
Declaw - Front feet
Incisor extraction
Maxillectomy
Mandibulectomy
Nasal biopsy
Shoulder surgery
Elbow surgery
Radial and ulnar fracture repair
Forelimb amputation
Thoracotomy - sternotomy
Thoracotomy - intercostal
Laparotomy - intestinal resection and anastomosis
Laparotomy - cystotomy
Pancreatitis
Lumbosacral disk surgery
Tail amputation
Rear limb amputation
Bilateral femoral fracture repair
General trauma
Exercise-induced trauma
CHRONIC PAIN MANAGEMENT
Chronic cranial cruciate ligament disease
Generalized maladaptive pain
Spine osteoarthritis
Intervertebral disk disease
Hip and spine osteoarthritis
Bilateral hip dysplasia
Lumbosacral dorsal laminectomy, canine hip dysplasia, coxofemoral joint denervation, degenerative myelopathy
Back pain resulting from trauma
Midback pain resulting from a fall
Bilateral canine hip dysplasia and hip replacement
Degenerative joint disease of the hips
Degenerative joint disease
Pain related to radiation therapy
Pain related to forelimb amputation
Introduction
NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING IN THE DOG
Brain Atrophy
Selective Neuron Loss
Senile Plaques (b-Amyloid) in Dogs
Vascular Disorders, Cerebrovascular Amyloid Angiopathy
Tau Neuropathology
Oxidative Damage and Mitochondrial Dysfunction
Correlates of Brain Aging Found in Lysosomal Storage Diseases
NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING IN THE CAT
Neuron Loss and Atrophy
Ab
Tau Phosphorylation
Neuronal Loss in Feline Niemann-Pick Type C Disease and Similarities to AD
CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS OF BRAIN AGING IN DOGS AND CATS
SUMMARY
Acknowledgments
References
Introduction
Definitions
NATURE OF THE PROBLEM
STEREOTYPIES
Possible Functions of Stereotypies
Features of Stereotypies
Neurobiology of Stereotypies
OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDERS
STEREOTYPY VERSUS COMPULSIVE DISORDERS
COMPULSIVE DISORDERS IN ANIMALS
Tail Chasing and Spinning
Acral Lick Dermatitis
Other Self-Injurious Behaviors
Blanket and Flank Sucking in Doberman Pinschers
Wool Sucking and Pica in Cats
RECOGNIZING/DIAGNOSING THE PROBLEM
MANAGEMENT OF REPETITIVE BEHAVIORS
Pharmacologic Strategies
Nonpharmacologic Strategies
Environmental modification
Behavior modification
EVALUATION, ADJUSTMENT, AND RECURRENCE
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
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