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Terrestrial Zootoxins

  • Title: Terrestrial Zootoxins
  • Description:
    Veterinary Toxicology (Second Edition), 2012, Chapter 73, pp 969-992.  Authors:  Sharon M. Gwaltney-Brant, Eric Dunayer, Hany Youssef.  

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  • Category: Toxicology

  • Abstract / Overview:

  •  

    Every phylum of the Animal Kingdom contains animals capable of producing toxic effects, either through envenomation or through poisoning. However, only a small number of these animals are sufficiently toxic to be of importance to veterinary clinicians. Arachnids, insects, toads, and snakes cause the most clinically significant problems for domestic and wild animals. Although in some cases specific antidotes (i.e., antivenins) exist for exposures to venomous animals, availability and cost of these antidotes often make their use in veterinary medicine unfeasible. Therefore, most cases of zootoxicosis in animals will be managed with symptomatic and supportive care.


    Arthropoda


    Araneae: Spiders - Introduction

    • Widow Spiders (Latrodectus spp.):  Background, Mechanism of action, Toxicity, Treatment
    • Recluse or Violin Spiders (Loxesceles spp.):  Background, Mechanism of action, Toxicity, Treatment
    • Hobo Spiders (Tegenaria Agretis): Background, Toxicity, Treatment
    • Funnel Web Spiders (Atrax and Hadronyche spp.):  Background, Mechanism of action, Toxicity
    • Tarantulas
    • Scorpiones - Scorpions:  Background, Mechanism of action, Toxicity, Treatment
    • Ixodida - Ticks:  Background, Mechanism of action, Toxicity, Treatment
    • Myriapoda: Centipedes and Millipedes
    • Insecta - Insects:  Introduction
    • Coleoptera - Meloidae (Blister Beetles): Background, Mechanism of action, Toxicity, Treatment
    • Coleoptera - Fireflies:  Background, Mechanism of action, Toxicity, Treatment
    • Coleoptera - Other Toxic Beetles
    • Hymenoptera - Bees, Wasps, and Hornets:  Background, Mechanism of action, Toxicity, Treatment
    • Hymenoptera - Ants:  Background, Mechanism of action, Toxicity, Treatment
    • Hymenoptera - Sawflies:  Background, Mechanism of action, Toxicity, Treatment
    • Lepidoptera - Butterflies and Moths
    • Phasmatodea - Walking Sticks

     

    Amphibia, anura: toads

     

    • Introduction
    • Background
    • Toxicokinetics
    • Mechanism of action
    • Toxicity
    • Treatment

     

    Reptilia

    • Snakes:  Introduction
    • Crotalids;  Background, Toxicokinetics, Mechanism of action, Toxicity, Clinical effects, Treatment
    • Elapids:  Background, Toxicokinetics, Mechanism of action, Toxicity, Treatment
    • Lizards:  Background, Mechanism of action