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Evaluation of Erythrocytes

  • Title: Evaluation of Erythrocytes
  • Description:
    Veterinary Hematology, 2012, Chapter 4, Pages 49-121.  Author:  John W. Harvey

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  • Category: Clinical Pathology

  • Abstract / Overview:
  • Chapter Outline
     
     
    Normal Erythrocytes
    • Erythrocyte Morphology
    • Erythrocyte Functions
    • Erythrocyte Biochemistry
    • Membrane Structure and Function
    • ATP Generation
    • 2,3DPG Pathway
    • Oxidant Injury
    • Methemoglobin Formation and Reduction
    • Iron Metabolism
    • Erythrocyte Destruction
    • Normal Removal of Aged Erythrocytes
    • Pathologic Destruction of Erythrocytes
    • Abnormal Erythrocyte Morphology
    • Rouleaux
    • Agglutination
    • Polychromasia
    • Anisocytosis
    • Hypochromasia
    • Poikilocytosis
    • Echinocytes (Crenated Erythrocytes)
    • Acanthocytes
    • Keratocytes
    • Stomatocytes
    • Spherocytes
    • Schistocytes
    • Leptocytes
    • Eccentrocytes
    • Pyknocytes
    • Elliptocytes (Ovalocytes)
    • Dacryocytes
    • Drepanocytes (Sickle Cells)
    • Crystallized Hemoglobin
    • Lysed Erythrocytes
    • Erythroid Loops
    • Erythrocyte Vesicles
    • Nucleated Erythrocytes
    • Inclusions of Erythrocytes
    • Howell-Jolly Bodies (Micronuclei)
    • Heinz Bodies
    • Basophilic Stippling
    • Siderotic Inclusions
    • Cabot Rings
    • Infectious Agents of Erythrocytes
    • Babesia Species
    • Theileria Species
    • Cytauxzoon felis
    • Anaplasma Species
    • Distemper Inclusions
    • Hemotropic Mycoplasmas (Hemoplasmas)
    • Bartonella Species
    • Artifacts Resembling Infectious Agents
    • Erythrocyte Assays
    • Erythrocyte Counts, Hematocrit, and Hemoglobin Content
    • Reticulocyte Counts
    • Erythrocyte Indices
    • Mean Cell Volume
    • Mean Cell Hemoglobin Concentration
    • Mean Cell Hemoglobin
    • Red Cell Distribution Width
    • Erythrocyte Volume Histograms and Erythrocyte Cytograms
    • Direct Antiglobulin Test
    • Methemoglobin Determination
    • Toxic Methemoglobinemia
    • Cytochrome-b5 Reductase Deficiency
    • Serum Iron Assays
    • Serum Iron
    • Total Iron-Binding Capacity
    • Serum Ferritin
    • Erythropoietin Assay
    • Differential Diagnosis of Anemia
    • Regenerative Versus Nonregenerative Anemia
    • Classification of Anemia Using Erythrocyte Indices
    • Hemolytic Anemias
    • Immune-Mediated Hemolytic Anemia
    • Primary IMHA
    • Neonatal Isoerythrolysis
    • Transfusion Reactions
    • Erythrocyte Parasites
    • Babesia Species
    • Theileria Species
    • Cytauxzoon felis
    • Anaplasma Species
    • Hemotropic Mycoplasmas (Hemoplasmas)
    • Other Infectious Agents
    • Chemicals and Plants
    • Oxidants
    • Venoms
    • Drugs Causing Immune-Mediated Anemia
    • Fragmentation
    • Hypo-osmolality
    • Hypophosphatemia
    • Hereditary Erythrocyte Defects
    • Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency in Dogs and Cats
    • Phosphofructokinase Deficiency in Dogs
    • Increased Erythrocyte Osmotic Fragility in Cats
    • Hereditary Spherocytosis in Cattle
    • Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency in a Horse
    • Erythrocyte Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide Deficiency in Horses
    • Hereditary Stomatocytosis in Dogs
    • Additional Hereditary Defects
    • Miscellaneous Causes of Hemolytic Anemia
    • Splenic Disorders
    • Liver Failure in Horses
    • Postparturient Hemoglobinuria in Dairy Cattle
    • Blood-Loss Anemias
    • Anemias Resulting from Decreased Erythrocyte Production
    • Nonregenerative Anemias without Leukopenia or Thrombocytopenia
    • Hormone Deficiencies
    • Anemia of Inflammatory Disease (Anemia of Chronic Disease)
    • Disorders of Nucleic Acid Synthesis
    • Abnormalities in Heme Synthesis
    • Nonregenerative Immune-Mediated Anemia
    • Selective Erythroid Aplasia
    • Dyserythropoiesis
    • Nonregenerative Anemias with Leukopenia and/or Thrombocytopenia
    • Hypocellular/Aplastic Bone Marrow
    • Myelophthisic Disorders
    • Physiologic Anemia of Neonatal Animals
    • Erythrocytosis (Polycythemia)
    • Relative Erythrocytosis
    • Absolute Erythrocytosis
    • Differential Diagnosis of Erythrocytosis
    • References