Dental problems are very common in dogs and cats. By the tender age of three, over 80% of dogs have significant dental disease that will benefit from professional treatment. Left untreated, the consequences of dental problems can go way beyond bad breath! Consequences of advanced dental disease inc...

Lymphoma (also called lymphosarcoma or LSA) is a progressive form of cancer involving the lymphatic system. The lymphatic system includes organs and tissues of the body such as the bone marrow, lymph nodes, spleen, and other tissues that play a role in maintaining the body’s immune s...

Cancer is a group of diseases in which abnormal cells within the tissues of the body grow without control. The abnormal cells can invade surrounding tissues, ultimately spreading to other organs throughout the body. There are more than a hundred specific cancer types, each showing unique behaviors a...

The uveal tract is made up of the iris (colored part of the eye), the ciliary body, and the choroid. The ciliary body is located behind the iris and produces aqueous humor (the fluid inside the eye). The choroid is tissue in the back part of the eye that is situated between the inner retina and the...

The cornea is the clear outer window of the eye and is made up of three layers:  the epithelium (outer layer), the stroma (middle layer) and the endothelium (innermost layer). The epithelium serves as a protective barrier and prevents irritants and infectious agents (bacterial and fungal organi...

The cornea is the clear outer structure of the eye and is made up of three layers:  the epithelium (outer layer), the stroma (middle layer) and the endothelium (innermost layer). The epithelium serves a protective barrier and prevents irritants and infectious agents (bacterial and fungal organi...

Epiphora (excessive tearing) results in persistent wetness, and often staining, of the hair below the eyes. This is not only unsightly (and sometimes malodorous), but it may become irritating to the pet's skin since it creates an excellent bed for bacterial growth and secondary skin infections. P...

The third eyelid or nictitating membrane is present in most animal species including dogs and cats. Associated with this third eyelid is a gland (gland of the third eyelid) which plays an important role in maintaining ocular health as it contributes to the production of tears. It produces 30 to 40 p...