KEY POINTS
Nutraceuticals are regulated as food products, not drugs, despite their ability to modify an animal’s health beyond meeting nutritional needs.
Before prescribing a nutraceutical or therapeutic diet, veterinarians should review the literature supporting the use of the product and gather information on the functional ingredients, their mechanisms of action, efficacy, and safety.
As with psychopharmacologic agents, behavioral nutraceuticals and therapeutic diets should only be prescribed in conjunction with behavior modification and environmental management plans.
Some nutraceuticals and diets can be prescribed incombination with psychopharmacologic agents, but attention must be paid to the product’s functional ingredients and mechanism of action so that adverse interactions are avoided.
Role of Nutrition in the Prevention of Musculoskeletal Disease
Developmental Orthopedic Disease
Nutritional Compounds Evaluated in Dogs or In Vitro Using Canine Cells
- Antioxidants
- SAMe
- Avocado/Soybean Unsaponifiables
- Blueberries
- Boswellia serrata
- Chondroprotectants
- Glucosamine and Chondroitin
- The New Zealand Green-Lipped Mussel
- Turmeric
- Special Milk Protein Concentrate
Other Nutritional Compounds Evaluated in Other Species or In Vitro
INTRODUCTION
PHYSICAL AND NUTRITIONAL EVALUATION OF AGING CATS
Environmental adjustments for aging cats
NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS OF AGING CATS
Energy Requirements Change with Age
Body Weight and Body Composition Changes with Age
Balancing the Diet: Protein, Fat, and Carbohydrates
Feeding Management
THERAPEUTIC NUTRITION FOR SPECIFIC CONDITIONS
Feline Cognitive Dysfunction Syndrome
Diabetes Mellitus
Chronic Kidney Disease
Osteoarthritis
Hyperthyroidism
References
INTRODUCTION
Relevance
When Are Dogs Considered Seniors?
ASSESSMENT
Approach to nutritional assessment and therapy for aging dogs
Factors to consider when assessing the aged dog
PHYSIOLOGIC CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH AGING
Considerations for alterations of nutrient intake for healthy senior dogs
Impact of Aging on Nutrient Absorption
Impact of Aging on Gut Microbiota
Impact of Aging on the Brain
Impact of Aging on Immune Health
Impact of Aging on Gene Expression
Impact of Aging on Special Senses and Metabolic Flexibility
NUTRITIONAL MANAGEMENT OF PHYSIOLOGIC AGING CHANGES
Energy
Protein
Phosphorus
Sodium
NUTRITIONAL MANAGEMENT OF SELECTED AGE-RELATED DISEASES
Long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids
Alternative fuel sources
Nutritional Intervention for Declining Immunity
Nutritional Intervention for Degenerative Joint Disease
Management of body fat and muscle mass
Long-chain omega-3 PUFA
Green-lipped mussel extract
Glucosamine and chondroitin
Other nutraceuticals
REASSESSMENT AND TREATMENT ADJUSTMENT
Discussion
Summary
References
This article explores the reasons why people might seek alternatives to conventional pet foods, describes the different categories of alternative feeding practices, and discusses approaches to communicating with pet owners about nutrition and diet for their pets. The goal is for the reader to acquire a better understanding of unconventional feeding practices being used for companion animals so that she or he is better informed on the views and concerns of the pet-owning public regarding dog and cat nutrition and bettter able to enter into the dialog of how these pets should best be fed.
Chapter Outline
CRYSTAL-RELATED LOWER URINARY TRACT DISEASE
- Urolithiasis
- Calcium Oxalate
- Struvite
- Purines
- Xanthine
- Cystine
- Compound Uroliths
- Surgically and Minimally Invasive Management of Uroliths
- Matrix-Crystalline Urethral Plugs
IDIOPATHIC CYSTITIS
URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS
Chapter Outline
Nutritionally Responsive Gastrointestinal Disease
Dietary Management of Intestinal Disease
References
Malnutrition can be subtle in the early stages. Even an obese animal can become quickly malnourished in the hospital when ill or injured. If insufficient calories are supplied, the animal will lose weight but it will be functional lean body mass, rather than fat, that is lost. A cat with asthma that is not malnourished and that is at low risk for becoming so does not require immediate nutritional support and can be monitored to ensure adequate food intake. However, if the underlying disease does not resolve quickly or the animal continues to be anorectic, nutritional support may be required.
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