Article Outline

• Control of alveolar ventilation:  Chemoreceptors and chemoreflexes, Mechanoreflexes
• Gas diffusion and transport during respiration:  Carbon dioxide, Oxygen
• The alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient
• Hypoxemia:  Low partial pressure of inspired O2 (Pio2), Hypoventilation, Diffusion impairment, Ventilation-alveolar perfusion mismatch (- Mismatch), Right-to-left shunt
• Respiratory acidosis:  
  Metabolic compensation in respiratory acidosis: Acute Respiratory Acidosis, Chronic Respiratory Acidosis
  Causes of respiratory acidosis
  Diagnosis and clinical features of respiratory acidosis
  Treatment of respiratory acidosis
• Respiratory alkalosis:  
  Metabolic compensation in respiratory alkalosis:  Acute Respiratory Alkalosis, Chronic Respiratory Alkalosis
  Causes of respiratory alkalosis
  Diagnosis and clinical features of respiratory alkalosis
  Treatment of respiratory alkalosis
• Dyspnea
• Summary
• References